There are a wide range of pollutants found in tap water, including pathogens. For this reason many people choose to filter their drinking water to minimize their exposure to contaminants.

In this article, we will discuss everything you need to know about filtered water: what filtered water is, how water is filtered to get clean water, and the benefits of filtering your water at home. We also discuss different filtration methods and try to help you understand the difference between filtered water and distilled water.

From this article you'll learn:

• What is filtered water?
• Why do we filter water?
• What do you use filtered water for?
• What are the health benefits of filtering water?
• How can you filter water at home?
• What is the environmental impact of filtering water?
• Are there any disadvantages or problems associated with filtering water?

What is filtered water?

Filtered water refers to water from any source that has undergone a filtration process to remove impurities, contaminants, and particles. Filtration is a method used to improve the quality of water by physically straining or chemically removing unwanted substances.

There are various types of water filtration systems available, ranging from simple devices such as water pitchers with built-in filters, to gravity-fed counter-top filters, to more complex systems installed on specific taps or at the point of entry into a home. Filtration methods may include activated carbon filters, reverse osmosis, distillation, and UV purification, among others.

Why do we filter water? What are some of the benefits filtered water provides?

Filtered water is often considered a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing option compared to untreated tap water, as it can improve taste, odor, and overall water quality by reducing or eliminating specific contaminants. Common impurities that can be removed through filtration include:

• sediment
• chlorine
• bacteria
• parasites
• chemicals
• heavy metals

Water filtration serves several important purposes, primarily aimed at improving the quality of water for various uses. Some of the key reasons why we filter water include:

Remove Impurities and Contaminants

Filtration can improve the quality of your tap water by eliminating impurities and contaminants found in tap water, such as sediment, sand, rust, chlorine, bacteria, parasites, and various chemicals. Removing these substances makes water safer and more palatable.

Enhance Taste and Odor

Filtration can improve the taste and odor of water by eliminating or reducing the presence of certain compounds that contribute to unpleasant flavors or smells. This makes filtered water more appealing for drinking and cooking.

Health and Safety

Filtering water is a crucial step in ensuring water is safe to drink. By removing harmful microorganisms, bacteria, and potential contaminants, filtration helps reduce the risk of waterborne illnesses and diseases, as well as exposure to harmful chemicals and heavy metals such as lead.

Protect Plumbing and Appliances

Filtration can prevent sediment and mineral deposits from accumulating in plumbing and household appliances, such as water heaters and coffee makers. This helps extend the lifespan of these devices and maintains their efficiency.

Aesthetic Improvement

Beyond health considerations, filtration improves the appearance of water by removing particles that can cause cloudiness or discoloration. Clearer water is more visually appealing and will make you more inclined to want to drink it. 

What do you use filtered water for?

Many people prefer to use filtered water for drinking, cooking, and other household purposes, such as watering plants and topping up their pets' water bowls. Filtered water is also an excellent choice for taste-sensitive applications, such as when making tea or coffee, or brewing beer.

What are the health benefits of filtering water?

Filtering water can provide several health benefits by removing contaminants that may pose a risk to human health. Some of the health benefits associated with using filtered water include:

Removal of Harmful Microorganisms

Filtration systems, especially those employing technologies such as microfiltration and ultrafiltration, can effectively remove bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms from water, acting as a barrier against waterborne diseases and gastrointestinal illness such as diarrhea, stomach cramps, and nausea caused by pathogenic bacteria. This is particularly important in regions where water sources may be contaminated with fecal matter or other pollutants.

Reduction of Chemical Contaminants

Activated carbon filters commonly found in water filtration systems can adsorb or trap various chemicals contaminants like chlorine, pesticides, herbicides, and industrial pollutants. These contaminants, when present in drinking water, may have adverse health effects, and their reduction through filtration contributes to overall well-being.

Minimization of Heavy Metals

Some water sources may contain heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and cadmium. Filtration methods such as activated carbon and reverse osmosis can help reduce the levels of these metals, which can be harmful to the nervous system, kidneys, and other organs.

Improvement of Taste and Odor

Filtration removes compounds that contribute to unpleasant tastes and odors in water. This can make filtered water more appealing, encouraging increased water consumption, which is essential for maintaining good hydration and overall health.

It's important to note that the specific health benefits of filtering water depend on the type of contaminants present in the water source and the filtration method used. While filtration can improve water quality and health, it's essential to choose the right filtration system based on the specific needs and characteristics of the water supply.

For example, the Black Berkey filter elements target over 200 common drinking water contaminants, but they do not target fluoride and are not very efficient at removing arsenic. If you have fluoridated water or high levels of arsenic in your water, you will need to opt for a Black Berkey PF-2 Fluoride and Arsenic filter combo, which includes a pair of Black Berkey filters together with a set of Berkey PF-2 Fluoride and Arsenic filters, to target those contaminants as well.

How can you filter water at home? 

One of the simplest and most efficient methods of filtering water at home is using a gravity-fed countertop filter. These home water treatment systems offer several benefits: they are affordable, they are portable, they do not need to be plumbed in, and they do not require a power source to operate. Berkey gravity-fed filtration systems come in a range of different sizes, allowing you to choose a system within your budget that best meets the needs of your family.

The Berkey range of home filters includes:

• GoBerkey Kit — small ultra-portable 1 quart (.95 liter) system for those on the go
• Travel Berkey — 1.5 gallon (5.7 liter) compact system suitable for 1-3 people
• Big Berkey — 2.25 gallon (8.5 liter) system suitable for 1-4 people
• Berkey Light — 2.75 gallon (10.4 liter) lightweight Berkey system suitable for 2-5 people
• Royal Berkey — 3.25 gallon (12.3 liter) system suitable for 2-6 people
• Imperial Berkey — 4.5 gallon (17 liter) system suitable for 6-10+ people
• Crown Berkey — 6 gallon (22.7 liter) system suitable for 8-12+ people

What is the environmental impact of filtering water?

The environmental impact of filtering water depends on the specific filtration method and the materials used in the filtration process. Some potential environmental impacts of water filtration include:

• Energy Consumption: Some water filtration systems, such as those using reverse osmosis or distillation, can be energy-intensive. The production, transportation, and disposal of filter cartridges or membranes also contribute to the overall energy footprint. Energy consumption can have indirect environmental impacts, including greenhouse gas emissions if the energy is derived from non-renewable sources. Gravity-fed filters do not require energy to operate and therefore have a much lower energy footprint.
• Waste Generation: The use of disposable filter cartridges or membranes in certain filtration systems can contribute to waste generation. Improper disposal of these filter elements can negatively impact the environment. However, some water filtration systems, such as the Berkey water filters, use replaceable filters, which can reduce the amount of waste produced. As Berkey filters can also be cleaned and reused multiple times throughout their life, each set of two Black Berkey filter elements can filter as much as 6000 gallons of water before they will need to be replaced.
• Materials and Chemicals: The manufacturing of water filters often involves the use of various materials and chemicals. The environmental impact depends on the sourcing of raw materials, the production processes, and the disposal of used filters. For example, activated carbon filters may use carbon derived from coconut shells or other renewable sources that are biodegradable at the end of their life, while some membranes may be made from synthetic materials that do not readily break down.
• Water Usage: Some filtration methods, such as reverse osmosis, can result in significant water wastage. These systems produce purified water but also generate a concentrated brine stream that is typically discarded. The impact on local water resources and ecosystems should be considered before opting for such filtration methods.
• Transportation and Distribution: The transportation of water filters and filter components to consumers contributes to the overall environmental impact. Choosing locally manufactured products or those with more efficient distribution systems can help reduce the carbon footprint associated with water filtration.

To minimize the environmental impact of water filtration, consider using eco-friendly and sustainable filtration technologies, opting for systems with minimal energy consumption, and practicing responsible disposal methods for filter components. Additionally, regular maintenance and proper care of your filtration system can extend its lifespan, reducing the need for frequent replacements and associated waste.

Are there any disadvantages or problems associated with filtering water?

While water filtration offers numerous benefits, there are some disadvantages associated with certain filtration methods. Some of these challenges include:

• Removal of Essential Minerals: Some water filtration methods, such as reverse osmosis and distillation, can remove beneficial minerals from water along with contaminants. Other methods such as activated carbon filtration remove harmful contaminants while leaving the beneficial minerals in the water. While the impact on overall mineral intake varies depending on diet and other factors, it's essential to consider the potential loss of minerals that contribute to water's taste and nutritional value.
• Energy Consumption: Certain filtration processes, particularly those involving advanced technologies like reverse osmosis, can be energy-intensive. This can contribute to increased carbon emissions and environmental impact, especially if the energy used comes from non-renewable sources.
• Wastewater Generation: Reverse osmosis systems, in particular, generate a concentrated brine stream as a byproduct, which needs proper disposal. Discharging this brine back into natural water bodies without proper treatment can have environmental consequences, impacting local ecosystems.
• Cost: Advanced filtration technologies, such as reverse osmosis or UV purification systems, can be more expensive to purchase and maintain than simpler filtration methods. Prohibitively high costs can limit access to high-quality filtered water.
• Maintenance and Replacement: Filters need regular maintenance and eventual replacement. Neglecting maintenance or failing to replace filters on time can compromise the effectiveness of the filtration system and may lead to the growth of bacteria or other contaminants.
• Microbial Growth in Filters: In filters that retain water for an extended period, there is a risk of microbial growth. Bacteria or mold can proliferate in damp filter media, potentially reintroducing contaminants into the filtered water. The Black Berkey filter elements have anti-microbial properties to prevent microbial growth within the filtration system.
• Limited Portability: Some filtration systems, especially those designed for whole-house or point-of-entry use, may not be portable. This can be a disadvantage for those who need access to filtered water while traveling or during emergency situations.

When choosing a water filtration system, it’s important for consumers to weigh up the pros and cons associated with the different filtration methods and to select a system that aligns with their specific needs.

What is filtered water: FAQ

What is filtered water and how is it made?

Filtered water is water that has undergone a filtration process during which bacteria, microorganisms, undesirable chemical compounds, heavy metals, and organic and inorganic materials have been filtered out.

Should I drink filtered water?

Filtered water is safe and healthy to drink, but it is best to opt for water that still retains beneficial minerals that are essential for our health and well-being.

What's the difference between filtered and distilled water?

Filtered water and distilled water are both types of purified water, but they are produced through different processes and may have slightly different characteristics. The primary difference between filtered water vs distilled water lies in the purification processes and the mineral content. Filtered water may retain some minerals depending on the filtration method, while distilled water is more thoroughly purified and lacks minerals. Both types can be suitable for drinking, but the choice may depend on personal preference, intended use, and specific water quality requirements.

How do you make filtered water at home?

Making filtered water at home typically involves using a water filtration system. There are various types of filtration systems available, and the specific method may depend on the type of filter you have. It's important to note that while water filters can improve taste and remove certain contaminants, they may not eliminate all impurities. Different filters have varying capabilities when it comes to removing contaminants from water, so be sure to choose one that meets your water quality needs.